Cloud Computing Interview Questions

In this post i am sharing Cloud Computing Interview Questions. These questions are helpful for freshers and for final year Students. Now a days,Cloud Computing is one one of the important technology. Cloud Computing is the computing which is completely based on the Internet. The main purpose of the cloud computing is that provides the way to deliver the services whenever and wherever the user of the cloud needs.

Companies use the cloud computing to fulfill the needs of their customers,partners and providers. The cloud computing includes vendors,partners,and business leaders as the three major contributors. Now we will see some important questions and answers

1) What is Cloud?

Ans: A cloud is a combination of hardware,software,storage,services and interfaces that helps in delivering computing as a service.It has broadly three users which are end user,business management user,and cloud service provider. The end user is the one who uses the services provided b the cloud. The business management user in the cloud takes the responsibility of the data and services provided by the cloud. Finally the cloud service provider is the one who takes care or is responsible for the maintenance of the IT assets of the cloud. The cloud acts as a common center for its users to fulfill their computing  needs.

2) What is Cloud Computing?

Ans: The Cloud Computing is the computing which is completely based on the internet.It uses the internet and remote servers to maintain data and applications. A simple example for Cloud computing is Gmail and Yahoo etc...

3) Why Cloud Computing is Important?

Ans: There are many applications of Cloud Computing,for both developers and end users. For developers,cloud computing provides increased amount of storage and processing power to run the applications they develop. Cloud computing also enables new ways to access information,process and analyze data,and connect people and resources from any location anywhere in the world.

For end users,cloud computing offers all those benefits and more. A person using a web-based application isn't physically bound to a single PC,location,or network. His applications and documents can be accessed wherever he is,whenever he wants.No fear of losing data if a computer crashes.Documents hosted in the cloud always exist,no matter what happens to the user's machine. It is a whole new world of collaborative computing all enabled by the notion of cloud computing.

Cloud computing does all this at lower costs because the cloud enables more efficient sharing of resources than does traditional network computing.Cloud infrastructure can be located anywhere,including and especially areas with lower real estate and electricity costs.

4) What are the basic characteristics of cloud computing?

Ans: There are four characteristics of cloud computing as follows:

1. Elasticity and scalability
2. Self-service provisioning and automatic de-provisioning
3. Standardized interfaces
4. Billing self-service based usage model

5) What is Cloud service?

Ans: A cloud service is a service that is used to build cloud applications. This service provides the facility of using the cloud applications.This service provides the facility of using the cloud application without installing it on the computer. It reduces the maintenance and support of the application as compared  to those applications that are not developed of users can use the application from the cloud service which may be public or private application

6) What are the features of Cloud Services?

Ans: The following are the some important features. They are

• Accessing and managing the commercial software
• Centralizing the activities of management of software in the web environment
• Developing applications that are capable of managing several clients
• Centralizing the updating feature of software that eliminates the need of downloading the upgrades.

7) What are the advantages of Cloud Service?

Ans: The following are some of the advantages of Cloud service: They are

• Helps in the utilization of investment in the corporate sector and therefore,is cost saving.
• Helps in the developing scalable and robust applications. Previously, the scaling took months,but now,scaling takes less time
• Helps in saving time in terms of deployment and maintenance

8) What are the disadvantage of Cloud Computing?

Ans: The following are the some of the disadvantages of Cloud Computing: They are

• Requires a constant internet connection
• Doesn't work well with low speed Connections
• Can be slow
• Features might be limited
• Stored data might not be secure
• If the cloud loses the data,you are screwed

9) How many types of Cloud Services?

Ans: A cloud Service is any resource that is provided over  the internet. The most common cloud service resources are.

Software as a Service(SaaS)

Platform as a Service(PaaS)

Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS)

10) How many types of deployment models are used in Cloud?

Ans: There are 4 types of deployment models are used in Cloud:

1)public cloud
2)private cloud
3)Community cloud
4)Hybrid Cloud

11) Why does the organization need to manage the workloads?

Ans: The workload can be defined as an independent service or a set of code that can be executed.
The organization manages workloads because of the following reasons:

• To know how their applications are running
• To know what functions they are performing
• To know the charges of the individual department according to  the use of the service

12) Which services are provided by window Azure operating System?

Ans: Windows Azure provides three core services which are given as follows:

• Compute
• storage
• Management

13) Explain Public and private cloud?

Ans: The public cloud(or external cloud) is freely available for access. You can use a public cloud to collect data of the purchasing of items from a web site on the internet. You can also use public cloud for the reasons which are given as follows:

• Helps when an application is to be used by a large number of people,such as an e-mail application on the internet.
• Helps when you want to test the application and also needs to develop the application code
• Helps when you want to implement the security for the application
• Helps when you want to increase the computing capacity
• Helps when you are developing the project on an ad-hoc basis by using PaaS

The Private cloud allows the usage of services by a single client on a private network. The benefits of this model are data security,corporate governance,and reliability concerns. It offers a well managed environment. It provides capability to internal users allows provision of services.

Tips to crack Toughest Interview

In this article we will know some important tips to crack toughest interviews. These tips useful for all either IT or NON-IT. For any given vacancy,at least hundreds,if not thousands of candidates apply for the job. It takes only a few seconds for interviewer to reject you. It is important to succinctly outline your career objective,work experience,projects,training's, personal strengths and so on.

The following steps help you to crack toughest interview:

Evaluate the nature of the question:

Evaluate whether the question demands a factual answer and is meant to test your general knowledge and awareness. A factual questions like - who developed Java? This type of question demands correct answer.

However, a subjective one, like what are your thoughts "whether tablets replace text books?". In this type of questions,give a balanced answer by including as many perspectives as one can.

My conclusion is  first understand the question what kind of answer interviewer expecting. In the case of factual questions,if you do not know the answer it is better to accept your ignorance and say: I'm sorry i do not know the answer.In case of subjective questions,give a balanced answer by including as many perspective as one can.

Your answer reflects who you are:

Interviewers ask tricky questions just so that they could gauge the candidate's  personality.

For example, a question like - Do you think it was right on the part of our company to introduce the new employee policy?

If you are going to consciously make an attempt to sound positive or agreeable just so that the company hiring you will consider you application,you could be mistaken.

It is important to be honest and at the same time,sound relevant and important.

You could say- I think what the company did was right. But if i were in your place, I would..depending on what you think is right.

Stay calm,Think:

  When faced with a tough interview or a tough question,it is important to stay calm.

Sometimes the questions is just to test the ability of the candidate to handle pressure and difficult situations.

Under pressure,one must not say anything, that could betray anxiety,nervousness,anger,
thoughtlesseness, biases and such other negative emotions.

Difficult situations are the true test of one's abilities. One must view these as opportunities and not threats.

Your positive attitude,confidence and presence of mind will alone help you cruise through a tough interview.

What is C Language

In this article we will learn the introduction of C programming Language. This is basic Programming Language who want become Programming Developer then he/she should learn C programming Language. C is a programming language developed at AT & T’s BellLaboratories of USA in 1972. It was designed and written by a man named Dennis Ritchie.

Ritchie seems to have been rather surprised that so many programmers preferred C to older languages like FORTRAN or PL/I, or the newer ones like Pascal and APL. But, that's what happened. Possibly why C seems so popular is because it is reliable, simple and easy to use. Moreover, in an industry where newer languages, tools and technologies emerge and vanish day in and day out, a language that has survived for more than 3 decades has to be really good.  

C has been already superceded by languages like C++, C# and Java, so why bother to 
learn C Language.Though many C++ and Java based programming tools and frameworks have evolved over the years the importance of C is still unchallenged because knowingly or unknowingly while using these frameworks and tools you would be still required to use the core C language elements—another good reason why one should learn C before C++, C# or Java. 

Major parts of popular operating systems like Windows, UNIX, Linux is still written in C. This is because even today when it comes to performance (speed of execution) nothing beats C

Mobile devices like cellular phones and palmtops are becoming increasingly popular. Also, common consumer devices like microwave oven, washing machines and digital cameras are getting smarter by the day. This smartness comes from a microprocessor, an operating system and a program embedded in this devices. These programs not only have to run fast but also have to work in limited amount of memory. No wonder that such programs are written in C

You must have seen several professional 3D computer games where the user navigates some object, like say a spaceship and fires bullets at the invaders. The essence of all such games is speed. Needless to say, such games won't become popular if they takes a long time to move the spaceship or to fire a bullet. To match the expectations of the player the game has to react fast to the user inputs. This is where C language scores over other languages. Many popular gaming frameworks have been built using C language

At times one is required to very closely interact with the hardware devices. Since C provides several language elements that make this interaction feasible without compromising the performance it is the preferred choice of the programmer.

I hope that these are very convincing reasons why one should adopt C as the first and the very important step in your quest for learning programming languages

what is Hacking

In this post we will discuss about Hacking and how hackers employ a variety of techniques for hacking. Now a days, data networks became by far the most common target of hackers and hacking.

In computer networking,hacking is any technical effort to manipulate the normal behavior of network. The term "hacking" historically referred to constructive,clever technical work that was not necessarily related to computer systems.Now a days,hacking and hackers are most commonly associated with malicious programming attacks on the internet and other networks.

Hacking is unauthorized intrusion into a computer or a network. The person engaged in hacking activities is generally referred to as a hacker. This hacker may alter system or security features to accomplish a goal that differs from the original purpose.

Hackers employ a variety of techniques for hacking: They are

1. password cracking: The process of recovering passwords from data stored or transmitted by computer systems
2. Vulnerability scanner: Checks computers on networks for known weaknesses 
3. Packet Sniffer: applications that capture data packets in order to view data and passwords in transit over networks.
4. Trojan horse: Serves as a back door in a computer system to allow an intruder to gain access to the system later
5. Viruses:  self-replicating programs that spread by inserting copies of the same program into other executable code files or documents
6. Key loggers: This a tool designed to record every keystroke on the affected machine for later retrieval.
7. Root kit: It represents a set of programs which work to subvert control of an OS from legitimate operators.

 Common networking Hacking Techniques:

Hacking on computer networks is often done through scripts and other network software. These specially designed software programs generally manipulate data passing through a network connection in ways designed to obtain more information about how the target system works. More advanced hackers may study and modify these scripts to develop new methods. A few highly skilled hackers work for commercial firms,hired to protect that company's software and data from outside hacking. 

                            Cracking techniques on networks include creating worms,initiating denial of service(Dos)attacks,or in establishing unauthorized remote access connections to a device.

Requirements for effective hacking the combination of technical skills and personality traits:

• Ability to work with numbers and a background in mathematics. Hacking often requires sorting through large amounts of data,code and computer algorithms
• Memory recall and logical reasoning,Hacking involves assembling small facts and details into a plan of attack based on the logic of how computer systems work.
• patience.Hacks tend to get very complex and require large amounts of time to plan and execute.

 

Operating System Interview Questions

In this post we will learn Operating System(OS) Interview Questions which every IT developer must have knowledge on these Q & A. These questions and answers come across Technical Written Test also. Let us see what are those Questions and Answers as follows..

1) What is Operating System?

Ans:  An Operating System is a software program that enables the computer hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software. Without a computer Operating system, a computer would be useless.

2) What are the different Operating Systems?

Ans: There are different types OS they are

1) Multi-programming OS
2) Distributed OS
3)Batched OS
4)Time-sharing OS
5)Real-time OS

3) Why paging is used in OS?

Ans: Paging is solution to external fragmentation problem which is to permit the logical address space of a process to be noncontinuous,thus allowing a process to be allocating physical memory wherever the latter is available.

4) What is the state of the processor,when a process is waiting for some event to occur?

Ans: The state of the processor is : Waiting state

5) What is Virtual Memory?

Ans: Virtual Memory is hardware technique where the system appears to have more memory that it actually does. This is done by time-sharing ,the physical memory and storage parts of the memory one disk when they are not actively being used.

6) What is fragmentation?

Ans:  Fragmentation occurs in a dynamic memory allocation system when many of the free blocks are too small to satisfy any request.

7) What is the cause of thrashing? How does the system detect thrashing?

Ans:  Once it detects thrashing,what can the system do to eliminate this problem? Thrashing is caused by under allocation of the minimum number of pages required by a process,forcing it to continuously page fault. The system can detect thrashing by evaluating the level of CPU utilization as compared to the level of multi programming. It can be eliminated by reducing the level of multi programming.

8) While running DOS on PC,which command would be used to duplicate the entire diskette?

Ans: This command will be use to duplicate the entire diskette diskcopy.

9) What is cache-memory?

Ans: Cache memory is random access memory(RAM) that a computer microprocessor can access more quickly that it can access regular RAM. As the microprocessor process data,it looks first in the cache memory and if if finds the data there(from the previous reading of data). It does not have to do the more time-consuming reading of data from larger memory.

10) What is Kernal?

Ans: Kernal is the core and essential part of computer operating system that provides basic services for all parts of OS.

11) What is a process?

Ans: A program in execution is called a process or it may be called unit of work. A process needs some system resources as CPU time,memory,files and I/O devices to accomplish the task.

12) What is semaphore?

Ans: Semaphore is a variable,whose status reports common resources,Semaphore is of two types one is Binary semaphore and other is Counting semaphore.

13) What is deadlock?

Ans: Deadlock is a situation or condition where two processes are waiting for each other to complete so that they can start. This result both the processes to hang

14) What are system calls?

Ans: System calls provide the interface between process and the OS. System calls for modern Microsoft windows platforms are part of the win 32 API. Which is available for all the compilers written for Microsoft Windows.

15) What are the states of Process?

Ans: There are 5 states of Process. They are

1) NEW
2) Running
3) Waiting
4) Ready
5) Terminated